Numerous books have been published to help people learn about historical philosophies, which serve as a crucial foundation for understanding any form of Vedic literature. These philosophies provide insight into the rich history surrounding these truths.
Despite their age, the ideas behind these historical philosophies remain advanced and have withstood the test of time. Their purpose is to establish truth and help people reach and understand these truths at the highest possible levels. These profound philosophies encourage individuals to examine life from a new perspective and potentially guide them towards a path of personal fulfillment.
In many historical philosophies, there are ancient terms that, although still in use today, have not been translated for those unfamiliar with these traditions or philosophies. One such phrase is, “Prana vyana samana apana udana.” A basic understanding of this ancient phrase can help people grasp its meaning more effectively.
A living being breathes in, which is called prana. The being exerts energy through action, referred to as vyana. The downward movement is called apana, while the force within the heart is known as samana. A living being communicates sequentially through a combination of its lungs, throat, and mouth, which is called udana. These five ancient terms represent types of wind that enable living beings to live and move.
According to these historical philosophies found in Vedic literature, the five general senses – sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch – originate from different elements. From the element of fire, we derive the sense of touch, while the element of water provides the ability to taste, sound, touch, vision, and smell. Taste can be sweet, salty, bitter, sour, pungent, or astringent. The element of fire also gives us the sense of touch, while the element of earth offers us aroma, which can be pleasant, unpleasant, dry, pungent, sweet, diverse, or indifferent. The element of wind provides touch and light, which contribute to vision and its forms. These forms can vary in shape, size, and color. The element of wind also controls various types of touch, such as hot, cold, burning, agreeable, disagreeable, light, soft, heavy, thick, and indifferent. In these historical philosophies, the elements of wind, water, and fire are said to awaken the body.
Breathing sustains the body and is located at the top of the body where heat is generated by all forms of exertion. In these historical philosophies, prana is considered a living being’s soul, mind, intellect, and awareness. The combination of each breath, known as samana, allows living beings to function as they always do. Apana is the reverse effect of breathing caused by heat in the urethra and intestines in the abdominal cavity, which moves as it expels feces and urine. All three of these functions are governed by a single breath called udana, which, when in operation, resides in the body at the joints, known as vyana. As heat circulates throughout the body, this is referred to as samana. Therefore, in the body, breathing controls various aspects associated with different elements for each living being’s substance.
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